Implementation of Battery Energy Storage System for the Electricity Grid in Singapore

The market of grid-level electricity storage is growing rapidly, with a predicted market value of 1.6 billion in 2012 and 8.3 billion in 2016. Electrochemical storages such as lead-acid, nickel-cadmium, sodium-sulfur and lithium-ion batteries are candidates with high potential for grid-level implementations. Among them, sodium-sulfur battery appears to be suitable for energy application while lithium-ion battery has the capability to meet power application requirement well. However, models based on the local electricity market in Singapore show that in order to be economically efficient, the cost of sodium-sulfur battery system and lithium-ion battery system need to fall by 30% and 50%, respectively. Thesis Supervisor: Yet-Ming Chiang Title: Kyocera Professor of Ceramics Acknowledgments My gratitude goes to my thesis supervisor, Professor Yet-Ming Chiang from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, MIT. This work would not have been completed without his guidance and advises. I would like to give my thanks to my fellow students from Singapore-MIT Alliance, who have provided me with support and company through the program. It is the time we spent together that makes the Master of Engineering Program an extraordinary experience of mine. Last but not least, I would like to give my most sincere gratitude to my parents, who have always supported me, encouraged me and believed in me.